Python-1: Learn Python Programming Tutorial Introduction - Outline

• 1.1: Introduction
• 1.2: Key features of Python
• 1.3: Why learn Python?
• 1.4: Python History
• 1.5: Career Opportunities:
• 1.6: Large Open Source Community:
• 1.7: Python Full-Stack Frameworks Frameworks:
• 1.8: Python Microframeworks Frameworks:
• 1.9: Python libraries for Machine Learning:
• 1.10: Image Processing libraries in Python:
• 1.11: Python libraries for Deep Learning:
• 1.12: Python Libraries for Natural Language Processing
• 1.13: Python Libraries for Data Science
• 1.14: Python Libraries for Sentiment Analysis
• 1.15: Python Libraries for Graphical User Interface(GUI)
• 1.16: Python package managers and Python distributions
• 1.17: Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) for Python
• 1.18: Python package managers and Python distributions
• 1.19: Websites Built Using Python

1.1. Introduction

Python is a free, open-source programming language that is general-purpose interpreted, interactive, object-oriented, and high-level programming language. It was mainly developed for emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code.

1.2. Key features of Python

Python has many reasons for being popular and in demand. A few of the reasons are mentioned below.

• Emphasis on code readability, shorter codes, ease of writing.
• Programmers can express logical concepts in fewer lines of code in comparison to languages such as C++ or Java.
• Python supports multiple programming paradigms, like object-oriented, imperative and functional programming or procedural.
• It provides extensive support libraries(Django for web development, Pandas for data analytics etc)
• Dynamically typed language(Data type is based on value assigned)
• Philosophy is “Simplicity is the best”.

1.3. Why learn Python?

Learning a python programming language is fun. If you compare Python with any other language, for example, Java or C++, then you will find that its syntax is a way lot easier. You also don’t have to worry about the missing semicolons (;) in the end!

Suppose we want to print “Hello World!” on our screen. Let’s compare the syntax for Python, C and Java:

Python Syntax:

print(“Hello World!”)

C Syntax:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
   printf("Hello World!");
   return 0;
}

Java Syntax:

class Simple{
    public static void main(String args[]){
        System.out.println("Hello World!");
    }
}

So here we see that Python code consists of only one line, but for Java, there are multiple lines of code just for printing a statement.

1.4. Python History

Python’s roots are traced back to the late 1980s. Guido Van Rossum of CWI in the Netherlands began implementing Python in December 1989. Python labeled version was first published in February 199,1 whereas, Python 1.0 was launched in 1994, and it included new capabilities such as lambda, map, filter, and reduce. List comprehensions and garbage collection mechanisms were included in Python 2.0. Python 3.0 (commonly known as “Py3K”) was released on December 3, 2008. It was created to correct language’s underlying weakness. The ABC programming language, which was capable of Exception Handling and connecting with the Amoeba Operating System, is claimed to be the forerunner of Python.

1.5. Career Opportunities:

Python has huge career opportunities in the IT industry. Almost every other IT company, be it a startup or a Multi-National Company uses python for varied applications. So, if you have good expertise in python, you will be in demand for a wide range of jobs in different domains such as machine learning, cloud infrastructure, website designing, testing, and many more.

1.6. Large Open Source Community:

Let’s say you are working on python projects and you get stuck somewhere, you don’t have to worry at all because python has a huge community for help. So, if you have any queries, you can directly seek help from millions of python community members.

1.7. Python Full-Stack Frameworks Frameworks:

• CubicWeb
• Django
• Giotto
• Pylons Framework
• Pyramid
• TurboGears
• Web2Py

1.8. Python Microframeworks Frameworks:

• Bottle
• CherryPy
• Dash
• Falcon
• Flask
• Hug
• MorePath
• Pycnic

1.9. Python libraries for Machine Learning:

• Numpy
• Scipy
• Scikit-learn
• Theano
• TensorFlow
• Keras
• PyTorch
• Pandas
• Matplotlib
• Plotly
• Seaborn
• Caffe
• MxNet
• CNTK
• Auto ML
• OpenNN
• H20: Open Source AI Platform
• Google ML Kit

1.10. Image Processing libraries in Python:

• OpenCV
• Scikit-Image
• SciPy
• Mahotas
• Pillow
• SimpleITK
• Matplotlib
• NumPy
• Pgmagick
• SimpleCV

1.11. Python libraries for Deep Learning:

• TensorFlow
• Pytorch
• NumPy
• Scikit-Learn
• SciPy
• Pandas
• Micorsoft CNTK
• Keras
• Theano
• MXNet

1.12. Python Libraries for Natural Language Processing

• Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK)
• spaCy
• Gensim
• CoreNLP
• Pattern
• TextBlob
• PyNLPI
• scikit-learn
• Polyglot
• PyTorch

1.13. Python Libraries for Data Science

• TensorFlow
• SciPy
• Pandas
• NumPy
• Matplotlib
• Scikit-learn
• Keras
• Scrapy
• PyTorch
• BeautifulSoup

1.14. Python Libraries for Sentiment Analysis

• Pattern
• VADER
• BERT
• TextBlob
• SpaCy
• CoreNLP
• Scikit-learn
• Polyglot
• PyTorch
• Flair

1.15. Python Libraries for Graphical User Interface(GUI)

• PyQt5
• Tkinter
• Kivy
• wxPython
• PySimpleGUI
• Libavg
• PyForms
• PySide2
• Wax
• PyGUI

1.16. Python package managers and Python distributions

• CPython.
• Anaconda Python.
• ActivePython.
• PyPy.
• Jython.
• IronPython.
• WinPython.
• Python Portable.

1.17. Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) for Python

• Atom, an open source cross-platform IDE with autocomplete, help and more Python features under package extensions.
• EasyEclipse, an open source IDE for Python and other languages.
• Eclipse, with the Pydev plug-in. Eclipse supports many other languages as well.
• Emacs, with the built-in python-mode.[1]
• Eric, an IDE for Python and Ruby
• Geany, IDE for Python development and other languages.
• Jupyter Notebook, an IDE that supports markdown, Python, Julia, R and several other languages.
• Komodo IDE an IDE PHOTOS Python, Perl, PHP and Ruby.
• NetBeans, is written in Java and runs everywhere where a JVM is installed.
• Ninja-IDE, free software, written in Python and Qt, Ninja name stands for Ninja-IDE Is Not Just Another IDE
• PIDA, open source IDE written in Python capable of embedding other text editors, such as Vim.
• PyCharm, a proprietary and Open Source IDE for Python development.
• PyScripter, Free and open-source software Python IDE for Microsoft Windows.
• PythonAnywhere, an online IDE and Web hosting service.
• Visual Studio, Free and open-source plug-in for Visual Studio.
• Spyder, IDE for scientific programming.
• Vim, with "lang#python" layer enabled.
• Visual Studio Code, an Open Source IDE for various languages, including Python.

1.18. Python package managers and Python distributions

• Anaconda, Python distribution with conda package manager
• Enthought, Enthought Canopy Python with Python package manager
• pip, package management system used to install and manage software written in Python

1.19. Websites Built Using Python

• Instagram.
• Google.
• Spotify.
• Netflix.
• Uber.
• Dropbox.
• Pinterest.
• Instacart.